Internship Report on Mcb - 20087 Words

PREFACE It is the requirement of the B.COM course Lahore College for Women University, Lahore that all students of B.COM have to spend six or eight weeks in any organization to get practical exposure and to get familiarized with the ways to live in the organizational environment which is dramatically different from the educational environment. That two months period called â€Å"Internship Period†, if spent properly and sincerely, enables the students to be more confident, more knowledgeable, more responsible and, above all, more committed to its work in the practical field. I have also been assigned to do internship of six weeks period in MCB Allama Iqbal Town Branch Lahore. It has enabled me to understand the practical scenario and†¦show more content†¦Banking in fact is primitive as human society, for ever since man came to realize the importance of money as a medium of exchange, the necessity of a controlling or regulating agency or institution was naturally felt. The pri ests in Greece used to keep money and valuables of the people in temples. These priests thus acted as financial agents. The origin of banking is also traced to early goldsmiths. They used to keep strong safes for storing the money and valuables of the people. The first stage in the development of modern banking, thus, was the accepting of deposits of cash from those persons who had surplus money with them. The goldsmiths used to issue receipts for the money deposited with them. These receipts began to pass from hand to hand in settlement of transactions because people had confidence in the integrity and solvency of goldsmiths. When it was found that these receipts were fully accepted in payment of debts; then the receipts were drawn in such a way that it entitled any holder to claim the specified amount of money from goldsmiths. A depositor who is to make the payments may now get the money in cash from goldsmiths or pay over the receipt to the creditor. These receipts were the earli er bank notes. The second stage in the development of banking thus was the issue of bank notes. The goldsmiths soon discovered that all the people who had deposited money with them do not come to withdraw their funds in cash. They found that only a few personsShow MoreRelatedMcb Ltd. Internship Report5549 Words   |  23 PagesMCB Bank Ltd. Stock Exchange Branch, Lahore. Advisor: Mr. Khurram shahzad (Lecturer) Muhammad ajmal khan F003-MBA-028 February 21, 2006 Dedication Acknowledgements I dedicate this internship report to my parents. Because of their prayers and encouragement I have been able to complete this report. Praise is to Allah, the most Gracious and Merciful, who blessed me with the knowledge and wisdom and enabled me to overcome this task. Heartiest gratitude to my parents without their continuousRead MoreCommercial Bank Project13831 Words   |  56 PagesExecutive Summary This report is about bank, history and functions contains what I have learned in my six week internship at MCB (Ltd). It starts with its success story and brief introduction of management. This report contains detail about business practices in MCB, its current financial statement, position, working of its different departments in MCB Gojra Branch and about of how a letter of credit is used in bank. The purpose of exercise was to learn while working in practical field, especiallyRead MoreInternship Report on Ztbl20418 Words   |  82 Pages1 Introduction to Report CHAPTER 1 â€Å"INTRODUCTION TO REPORT† 1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY The Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited is the premier financial institution geared towards the development of agriculture sector by providing financial products and services to their customers. It is a common practice at universities during the completion of the masters and bachelors program to attain practical experience in different fields. Students are required to undergo an internship program of two monthsRead MoreSummit Bank13780 Words   |  56 PagesSUMMIT BANK LIMITED MULTAN ROAD BRANCH [pic] An Internship report Submitted in Partial Fulfillment For The Degree of Masters of Science In Accounting Finance AMNA HAMID Session (2008-2010) Department Of Accounting FinanceKinnaird College for Women, Lahore [pic] Executive summary â€Å"The purpose of study was to know about SUMMIT BANK LIMITED and to analyze the financial statement. â€Å" In this report the Summit Bank’s history, mission, vision and services as well as management isRead MoreHrm in Aviation10615 Words   |  43 Pagesspend $1.6 million in pilot training scholarships in a joint program with Western Michigan University and the Organization of Black Airline Pilots. Delta has also targeted selected high schools around the US where it provides financial assistance, internships, job shadowing, and facilities tours. Employees provide program support by serving as mentors in the classrooms, sharing real-life experiences with the D-TCA [Delta Technical Career Academy] students. And, in another collaborative effort with OBAP

Behind Closed Doors Essay - 1628 Words

Behind Closed Doors Over the years, many people have believed that the issue of sexual harassment should not be discussed in public. Sexual harassment was to be discussed behind closed doors. In spite of this, the social and political systems have changed instantaneously. This social problem has affected men and women throughout time; however, it seems that the women of our society more closely look at this issue. This social topic has encouraged women to establish organizations in order to help them discuss the issues more openly and to demand equality including fairness and justice throughout the workplace and in their social lives as well. In recent years, sexual harassment has been one of the most serious and widespread problems†¦show more content†¦Secondly, the individual is used as a basis for employment decisions affecting such individual. Finally, the result of such conduct has the purpose or effect of unreasonably interfering with an individual’s work performance or creating an intimidating, hostile, or offensive working environment.] (Aggarwal, 89-93) Another form of sexual harassment is a hostile work environment. The hostile environment theory involves sexual advances between the supervisor and the employee. An employee’s work performance will be less effective due to these so-called sexual advances. However, a victim can file a complaint against their harasser so that they do not continuously force them to participate. Consequently, they will be forced to hand in their resignation. [This is an issue of power and has nothing to do with sex. For this reason, both male and females can be the harasser. The harasser’s main purpose is to force another to feel or act in a certain way. Sometimes, sexual harassment causes an individual from effectively performing his/her job. As a result, is undermines an individual’s dignity. In our society, there are three essential factors that relate to the issue of sexual advances. These elements are a divergence of perceptions, the complexity of human behavior and the attitude s of a sexist.]Show MoreRelatedEssay on Behind Closed Doors864 Words   |  4 PagesEconomics, 52% of 11 to 16 year olds have internet access in their own bedroom† (Behr 30). Therefore, 52% of children can enter the digital portal of pornography. What may start as simple experimentation, could lead to a life of pain and sorrow. Behind closed doors, unsupervised kids can see an endless amount of pornographic content. Pornography is an uncomfortable subject to talk about, so it is hard for parents to intervene. The majority of parents are ignorant, or pretend to be ignorant, in order toRead MoreTheme Of Fear In Behind Closed Doors1341 Words   |  6 PagesParis’s, Behind Closed Doors, is a theme of fear located. In this story, we focus on Jack Angel, Grace, Millie, their parents, and Esther on how each character copes or uses fear in various scenarios. What defines the term fear in Paris’s work? A central theme that revolves around in Behind Closed Doors is fear and how each character uses it or is used by fear. With fear, an individual’s personality can change either in a positive or negative forefront, this is shown heavily in Behind Closed Doors. Paris’sRead MoreEssay on Behind Closed Doors at WorldCom1029 Words   |  5 PagesBehind Closed Doors at WorldCom: 2001 1. Two General Accounting employees—Dan Renfroe and Angela Walter—made journal entries in the amount of $150 million and $171 million, respectively, without detailed support. It was noted that this was not out of the ordinary at WorldCom. In your opinion, was this a proper accounting practice? Explain. Though this may not be out of the ordinary for WorldCom, this is not a correct accounting practice. The way the entries were made does not comply with the properRead MoreWhat Is A Game Of Investment?739 Words   |  3 PagesThe results showed Microsoft closed above the mean stock price 105 days out of 253, Apple stock closed above average 127 out of 253 days and staples stock closed above average 138 out of 253 days. Considering the results of the two analyses: although Microsoft devalued fewer days than Apple and Staples, the stock only rose above the average closing price 105 days out of 253. Meanwhile, Staples stock devalued 128 out of 253 days, five days more than Microsoft, and closed above average 138 out 253 daysRead MoreThe Cycle Of Domestic Violence1264 Words   |  6 Pagesother unnoticeable patterns that one may not be able to immediately observe with the naked eye. Furthermore, domestic violence affects not only those who directly experience the abuse, but also those who are witnessing it, such as children (Behind Closed Doors, n.d.; Black, Sussman, Unger, 2010). It is important to recognize the the less obvious markers of intimate partner violence in order to break these patterns and work towards ending the cycles of transgenerational violence. In the model forRead MoreFairness Is A Fundamental Aspect That Our Law System1361 Words   |  6 Pagesthat supports it; which are then determined by the decision-maker (Module 4). Back in 2007 the Ontario government released a statement stating that it would raise the minimum wage. Following that in March 2009, Premier McGuinty met in private, behind closed doors with business leaders about cancelling the remaining increase of minimum wage due to economic conditions. After learning about this, citizens of Ontario were furious with the lack of transparency of the meeting. This lead Premier McGuinty toRead MoreNo Exit by Jean Paul Sartre986 Words   |  4 PagesCamera, No Way Out, and Dead End. The most common and accepted of all the title translation, however, is No Exit. The translation is derived from the literal meanings of the title words in French: â€Å"huis† means â€Å"door† and â€Å"clos† means â€Å"closed†. Thus, taken one step further, sinc e the term â€Å"closed door† is associated with a sealed-off entrance, the translation became No Exit. However, every language has words and phrases that are exceptions to the rules, idiomatic expressions that only a native French-speakerRead MoreIntegrity : Integrity And Integrity1488 Words   |  6 Pagesnot regarded as honest, how can they expected to do the right thing and be honest behind a closed door? Honesty is the will to do what is right and that will must be very strong to be honest when no one is watching. Another quality that one must have if they have integrity is a morals. One must not only be able to be honest but they must also have the morals to know what the right thing to do is behind that closed door. Morals is the will that pushes someone to do the right thing and stops them fromRead MoreMovie Report On The Road Trip1076 Words   |  5 Pagesthe front desk, but there wasn’t anyone there. There was no closed sign, no out for lunch signed, it all just looked abandoned. They all looked around to try to find someone but there was no one a few cars and golf carts but the cabin doors were wide open or torn off. They all starting to smell this really bad smell coming from one of the cabins the door was closed and it looked like it blood handprints on the windows. But it was closed to Halloween they thought it was just a Halloween decorationRead MoreThe Night - Original Writing1228 Words   |  5 PagesIris sat alone in her empty apartment. Peeking down at her feet as they dangled over the edge of the pink couch, she thought back to when she and her mother had first moved here. The previous owners left their couch behind when they left. She was afraid to even stand near it for fear of what might be lurking beneath the lumpy, stained cushions. Horrifying images of sitting down and being stabbed by a syringe, or bitten by a rat, or having a giant cockroach creep up her arm flashed through Iris

Career Counseling Theories

Questions: 1) Identify Career Counselling Theories and how these Theories might be useful in Explaining Johns Situation. 2) As the Attending Career Counsellor, Describe your Ethical and Professional Responsibilities to John throughout the Sessions. 3) Identify the Purpose of Objective Assessments and how that has Contributed to your Assessment of the Situation. Answers: Introduction In the given situation John is facing major difficulties as he is not satisfied with the job he is doing moreover his son is undergoing physiatrist treatment which is causing a seemed of mental dissatisfaction. There is a lack of proper balance in the life Of John due to which he is facing various challenges. There is an adverse situation in his life where he is finding difficulty in balancing his work and life. It seems like that John is not satisfied with his job. Job satisfaction is important for having a balance in life. Imbalance in the personal and professional life can lead to various issues like mental illness, lack of social interaction etc. he has decided to undertake career counseling in order to develop effective results (Zikic and Saks,2009). The counseling session provides an individual with an opportunity to ascertain the self assessment. There are various theories that are introduced by authors at different time in order to provide an insight to create capabilities. T he report is based on assessing Johns current situation through an objectivity test. The test helps in describing the situation of John and the problems he is undergoing according to the current circumstances. It describes the technique in which the current situation can be addressed in order to find out the individual objectives. Every individual exhibit different behavioral traits that varies depending upon the situation. It has become important to understand the position of an individual to create effective relationship with the given test (Spencer Harris-Bowlsbey, 2013). 1.Career Counseling Theories The theory of work adjustment is also known as person-environmental correspondence theory which observes career choice as a continuous process of accommodating and adjusting oneself. In this situation a person looks to work in an organization and environment according to their needs. In turn an organization looks for an individual who has the capability to meet the requirements. This is related with the degree of satisfaction one attains through other (Leong,2014). As per the Hollands theory of vocational Personalities in the work environment it defines that vocational interest is a part of ones expression and personality. This theory is conceptualized in six typologies which are Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, social, enterprising and Conventional. As per the theory people look for the environment that helps them to access their skills and abilities. The Holland theory is more focused upon utilizing the individual skills by focusing on skills and capabilities. One should undertake only those activities that help them to grow in a diversified environment. People who utilize their skills grow efficiently when compared to other people (Gunz Peiperl, 2007). According to Super, the concept related to the career choice depends upon the individual option. It is the product of complex interaction in between various factors. There is natural process acting behind the individual that leads to personal growth and development. Human is generally inclined towards those career option which help in multi-faceted growth. They only choose that career which helps them to achieve sustainable result. Growth is very important as per the theory. It is therefore necessary for an individual to develop theories that are important for attaining sustainable results (Kosine, Steger Duncan, 2008). Application of two theories - (Theory of John L. Holland) and (Donald E. Super) Theory of John L. Holland According to Holland the personality of an individual develops due to career environment they fit in. the choice related to the individual depend upon the personality. In the given situation John is working as a teacher and he is not satisfied. It is therefore derived that his personality is affected due to the career option. The teaching profession by the time has become monotonous for him and he is facing imbalance in life. It is therefore necessary to balance the current event happening in his life with the ongoing situation(Patton McMahon,2014). The theory has divided the career choice into 6 categories. Teaching profession is a part of the social work. They are people who are more involved in undertaking those pursuits that help in building effective relationship with the society. Their motto is to help people by providing them with an opportunity to grow. John is a part of the teaching profession as per the theory. He is under the category of Helper as per the theory and focus ing on building an effective environment by providing help to other. Donald E. Super This is perhaps the most important theory that is used by the career developer. This career development theory is largely used by the people throughout the life span to generate effective relationship. This theory is using career maturity as one of the variable part((Patton McMahon, 2014). . Career maturity is related to the advancement in studies which depend upon the amount of time spend by the individual on the particular career option. Age, gender, certainty, work etc help in defining the career maturity knowledge. The knowledge related to the career maturity completely depends upon the amount of knowledge with the individual. This theory is consistent with the developmental assumptions of the career maturity (Hartung Subich, 2011). In the given situation it is necessary for an individual to be provided with the career guidance at every level. This will help them to attain differential career pattern. It is necessary part in the post and pre vocational of the career life. Training and development help in developing individual in order to attain distinguished results((Sharf, 2016). Application of assessment tools DISC Tool This tool helps in understanding the overall procedure to analyze the behavior of an individual. This tool is being effectively used in order to generate effective result related to career counseling theory generated through analysis of Johns behavior. As per the test it was determined that John is undergoing significant behavioral changes. As per the DSIC test it can be seen that the patient is exhibiting reserved behavior at workplace. His behavior is measured on the following parameters that include: Compliance John exhibit serious behavioral changes that are accurate, cautious and contemplative in nature. His approach of work is reserved and does not involve much of aggressiveness. Steadiness He is sincere, patient and modest towards his work. on the basis of his behavioral determination it can be seen that his approach towards work is based on modest behavior and understanding. He has been working from a very long time. The test provides that he shows a reserved behavior in his work attitude. Taylor Johnson temperament test This personality test measures 18 dimension of an individual while analyzing his behavior . this test has been used for more than 40 years by many counseling professionals in order to meet issues in dealing with psychological issues. The test focus on determining the individual behavior that requires to be addressed on the following parameters Nervous Composed Depressive Light-Hearted Active-Social Quiet Expressive-Responsive Inhibited Sympathetic Indifferent Subjective Objective Dominant Submissive Hostile Tolerant Self-Disciplined Impulsive During the test there were question being asked to John in order to understand his behavior. The behavior helps in analyzing his nature. It provides that John exhibit Nervous Composed behavior. It is seen under the study that John is undergoing significant. Behavior changes.. his personal life is already disturbed that is causing a change in behavioral pattern. 2.Ethical and professional responsibilities of a career counselor The counselor has to follow the quality and standards while managing relationship with their clients. He should thereby use only those approaches which are based on the universal applicable theory. They need to acknowledge the expertise of other profession and must work respectfully within the given parameter. They work on forming ethical relationship among the colleagues(Cheung, 2009). The counselor needs to be focused with their approach by giving quality services to the clients. There is a necessity to implement inter-disciplinary teams in order to focus on the multiple services that are provided by them on a long run. They have certain amount of obligation towards their clients. When any ethical issue arises the councilor tries to resolve the dispute within the team (Zikic Hall,2009). In case if the councilor is unable to meet the dispute he has to look for the different options that are available to him. He has an obligation to keep all the details related to the client with him. Moreover they need to develop effective relationship with the clients that will help in meeting the requirements. The counselor needs to alert the team members regarding the negative implication of the task. In any case they have a responsibility towards the clients and the organization while dealing (Swanson Fouad, 2014; Sullivan Baruch, 2009). As per the given situation John is undergoing problem in meeting his career related aspirations. He is not feeling motivated while working. Moreover he has multiple concerns regarding his sons mental health. He is currently feeling de-motivated as he is unable to balance his life with the work. There is a necessity to provide him with counseling sessions so that he is able to resolve the personal and professional conflicts. It is the role of the counselor to balance the requirements with the ongoing needs of John. Test Instrument Objectivity Test The objectivity test is related to the objective of the situation. In the given situation it is essential to provide with the proper counseling sessions in order to motivate him to achieve objectives. The objectivity test is a psychological test that helps in measuring the individual characteristic by the examiner. This test is undertaken to understand the situation of the person. These tests are often contrasted with the projective test. The objectivity test includes numerous questions undertaken in order to achieve sustainable objectives (Kidd,2006). Firstly there is a necessity related to decision making in order to understand the current situation of John. A question bank needs to be developed to undertake the test. One needs to estimates the validity of the question through the statistical procedure A format of valid questions needs to be framed including all the sub point and questions that reflects the situation of the client after understanding his condition. A format of application including all the valid aspects needs to be implemented carefully. This help in understanding the current situation of John. The questionnaire is applied at the last in order to understand the situation of the client. The filled form can be used to make relevant conclusion as per the necessity. This is necessary to make conclusive result by comparing the standard and current situation. This will not only help in understanding the appropriate situation but create genuine relationship. It is recommended that the counselor need to develop an essential environment to conduct the testing procedure. Situational question need to be precisely discussed with him. Moreover the information given by him should be kept confidential under the professional code of ethics at workplace. One should try to use the standardized procedure of testing as this will affect the future aspects related to the client. Follow up session are important for the client in order to keep a check over the status. This is necessary that the client should undertake every set of information related to his desire to the counselor as this will help in motivating him to undertake futuristic avenues (Bosley, Arnold Cohen,2009). 3.John personality and stages of establishment John is undergoing change in his life which has caused a significant change in his behavior. It is essential to have a right career at the right time in order to balance career option. On a long run it is recommended that John need to take career development process in order to achieve sustainable results. Hollands theory describes John character as SOCIAL as his profession includes helping people in society by providing them education. Career related counseling session need to be undertaken with utmost care. Conclusion John is therefore satisfied with the career counseling sessions . he feels motivated due to pre and post efforts made by the counselors. The report measures the various career related theories that re importation for an individual to guarantee growth in life. It consists of 5 career theory given by various authors at different points of time. John is a teacher and is facing related to the career option at a later stage. He is unable to balance the current situation due to imbalance in life. It is therefore necessary to incorporate effective test in order to create relationship. In case if the councilor is unable to meet the dispute he has to look for the different options that are available to him. The report provides the personality test of the individual while managing the gap in between the goals. It is necessary to develop an effective test to understand the situation in order to create objectives with the team. The section describes the condition of John and the difficulty he is facing in the current situation and providing with an insight to deal with the situation. References Bosley, S. L., Arnold, J., Cohen, L. (2009). How other people shape our careers: A typology drawn from career narratives.Human Relations,62(10), 1487-1520. Cheung, R. (2009). Internationalization of career counselling: Reflections on professional dynamism and advancement.Asian Journal of Counselling,16(2), 227-248. Gunz, H. P., Peiperl, M. (2007).Handbook of career studies. SAGE publications. Hartung, P. J., Subich, L. M. (2011).Developing self in work and career: Concepts, cases, and contexts. American Psychological Association. Kidd, J. M. (2006).Understanding career counselling: Theory, research and practice. Sage. Kosine, N., Steger, M., Duncan, S. (2008). Purpose-centered career development: A strengths-based approach to finding meaning and purpose in careers.Professional School Counseling,12(2), 133-136. Leong, F. (2014).Career development and vocational behavior of racial and ethnic minorities. Routledge. Leung, S. A. (2008). The big five career theories. InInternational handbook of career guidance(pp. 115-132). Springer Netherlands. Patton, W., McMahon, M. (2014).Career development and systems theory: Connecting theory and practice(Vol. 2). Springer. Sharf, R. S. (2016).Applying career development theory to counseling. Cengage Learning. Spencer G.. Niles, Harris-Bowlsbey, J. (2013).Career development interventions in the 21st century. Pearson. Sullivan, S. E., Baruch, Y. (2009). Advances in career theory and research: A critical review and agenda for future exploration.Journal of management,35(6), 1542-1571.. Swanson, J. L., Fouad, N. A. (2014).Career theory and practice: Learning through case studies. Sage publications. Zikic, J., Hall, D. T. (2009). Toward a more complex view of career exploration.The Career Development Quarterly,58(2), 181-191. Zikic, J. and Saks, A.M. (2009). Job search and social cognitive theory: The role of career-relevant activities.Journal of Vocational Behavior,74(1)

Professional Practice With Children Families And Carers Social Work Essay Essay Example

Professional Practice With Children Families And Carers Social Work Essay Essay As a consequence of the 2011 public violences seen in the United Kingdom, Louise Casey ( 2012 ) was commissioned by the alliance authorities to compose a study entitled Listening to Troubled Families . This essay will review the study and see if authorities asceticism steps could impact in societal attention proviso and results for service users. It will discourse the narration of one household identified in the study whom require intercession and support in order to safeguard their kids ( Casey 2012 ) . It will give an lineation of the development and impact of statute law and policy counsel on societal work pattern for kids, households and carers. Furthermore it will see academic research and theories that inform societal work pattern when working with such households ; for case ; ecological theories, appraisal, life span theoretical accounts of development, professional power and fond regard theory. This essay will besides discourse the accomplishments necessary for modern-day so cietal work practicians to prosecute efficaciously with kids and households. It will reason that inter-professional, anti-oppressive, multi-professional and brooding pattern is paramount to successful results for households who require support from services. We will write a custom essay sample on Professional Practice With Children Families And Carers Social Work Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Professional Practice With Children Families And Carers Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Professional Practice With Children Families And Carers Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The term troubled households was foremost used by David Cameron ( Cameron, 2011 ) , and subsequently defined by the Department for Communities and Local Government ( DCLG ) as families holding serious jobs and helter-skelter personal histories. Cameron ( 2012 ) intends to guarantee those identified in the study as troubled 120,000 households, turn their lives around . These households are characterised as ; holding no grownup in employment, kids who do non go to school and household members partaking in anti-social behavior and condemnable activities. By cut downing costs and bettering results, the consequences based funding strategy purposes to alter service bringing for households ( Cameron, 2011 ) . Welshman ( 2012 ) , states that this policy docket is the latest Reconstruction of the underclass argument. Giddens ( 1973, cited in Haralambos and Holborn, 2002 ) claims that Britain has an lower class of people who are disadvantaged on the labor market because they lack makings an d accomplishments, and may confront favoritism, bias and marginalization in society. The New Labour Government ( 1997-2010 ) linked disorderly behaviour to job households and focussed on single lacks instead than an recognition of structural restraints, for case ; the effects of poorness on household relationships and parenting ( Hill and Wright, 2003 ; Gillies, 2005, in Parr, 2009 ) . New Labour implemented Family Intervention Projects ( FIP ) that were framed from the Respect Action Plan in 2006. This was criticized by a parental and household support administration Parentline Plus ( 2006 ) , as menaces of penalties to parents would impact negatively on households, and parents could be less willing to seek support before they reached crisis ( BBC News, 2006 ) . Enterprises like Signpost, provided intensive degrees of support and apprehension of multidimensional complexnesss, consisting of effectual intercession for kids and households within their communities ( Dillane et al 2001, cited in Parr, 2009 ) . Featherstone ( 2006 ) maintains this enterprise was within the context of the societal investing province, promoting investing in human capital as opposed to direct economic proviso provided by the province in the signifier of public assistance payments. Postle, ( 2002 cited in Parr, 2009 ) argues that Signpost intercession was societal work at its best leting so cietal workers clip for effectual communicating and partnership working instead than the policing of households. Levitas ( 2012 ) argued against research methodological analysis used in the Casey Report ( 2012 ) and of the thought of multi-disadvantaged households being the beginning of society s ailments. Levitas ( 2012 ) claims ; that the figure of 120,000 was founded on informations from a secondary analysis of a Children and Families Report ( 2004 ) . Literature suggests the figure of 120,000 households is underestimated, the figure of multi-disadvantaged households is significantly greater ( Levitas, 2012 ; Hern, 2012 ) . The initial 2004 survey found no grounds to bespeak that the households were problem shapers as proposed but did happen that they were households in problem. As a consequence of alterations in revenue enhancement, public assistance benefits, disbursement cuts and the go oning effects of the economic downswing ( Levitas, 2012 ) . Welshman ( 2012 ) advocates that history provides of import lessons for policymakers and turn toing both structural and behavioral causes of poorness is likely to be more effectual than numbering and specifying such households. He believes there is small cognition sing grounds for behaviors and calls for research for battling jobs that these households encounter. Casey ( 2012 ) has given an penetration by utilizing service users narrations and received positive responses from interviewees. However, her research does hold farther restrictions ; a little sample of 16 households, all of whom were at crisis point when they accepted working with the FIP ( Casey 2012 ) . Soloman ( 2012 ) claims that huge figure of vulnerable households are being left without any support. Casey ( 2012 ) made no mention to ethnicity and civilization of the households, hence giving no penetration into diverseness ( Clifford and Burke, 2009 ) . Bailey ( 2012 ) believes that the study breaches ethical criterion s for societal research, the households interviewed are participants in the FIP and hence had a power of countenance over them, therefore it may hold been hard for the households to worsen from the survey. No written information on the hazards of engagement was provided ; he besides suggests that ethical blessing was non applied for. Bailey, ( 2012 ) believes that there is a hazard of placing these households. Casey ( 2012 ) acknowledged that the information was non representative of 120,000 households but claims that it provides a sound footing for policy. Nevertheless, Bailey ( 2012 ) argues that there is no topographic point for unethical research in public policy devising. Comparative surveies were non conducted on households with similar economic and societal fortunes who are non described as troubled . Casey ( 2012 ) discussed intergenerational rhythms of maltreatment, force, intoxicant and drug abuse every bit good as worklessness being grounds for troubled households puting the unity on persons ( Levitas, 2012 ) . Kelly ( 2012 ) welcomes the Government s committedness to assistance households. He proposes that most parents on low incomes are good parents and believes that it is naif to blend unwellness, unequal lodging and poorness with substance abuse and offense. Kelly ( 2012 ) besides argues that many households involved with Family Action are socially stray, unseeable to back up services who struggle on low incomes instead than exposing anti-social behaviors. The instance surveies gave the parents position, nevertheless, the voice and sentiment of the kid was unheard. Ofsted ( 2010 ) found practicians concentrated excessively much on the dema nds of the parents and overlooked the deductions for the kid. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child Article 12 declares, the positions of the kid must be respected, Article 3 provinces that the kid s best involvements must be a primary concern ( Unicef, 1992 ) . This essay will now discourse societal work pattern in relation to one of the households identified in Louise Casey s Report ( 2012 ) Chris and Julie ( appendix 1 ) . In the yesteryear, grownups like Chris and Julie who had larning disablements may hold been prevented from going parents, eugenic theories dominated, with the purpose to guarantee kids with similar disablements were non procreated ( Cleaver and Nicholson 2007 ) . However, in recent old ages attitudes are altering in favor of people with larning disablements giving them the same rights as other citizens sing gender and household life. An increased figure of people with larning troubles now have wider chances for independent life. Harmonizing to Haavik and Menninger ( 1981 cited in Booth and Booth, 1993, p 203 ) deinstitutionalization enabled many people with larning disablements to take part in their community. Duffy ( 2006, cited in Thompson et al 2008 ) , states that self-government is a nucleus rule in achieving citiz enship in western society. The displacement in sentiments and rules is apparent in authorities statute law and counsel therefore impacting on societal work pattern, for case ; Valuing Peoples: a new scheme for larning disablement for the twenty-first century ( 2001 ) , ( DoH 2001 ) and Valuing Peoples Now: The Delivery Plan ( 20102011 ) Making it go on for everyone gives counsel for all professionals back uping people with larning disablements populating in the community ( DoH 2011 ) . In relation to the instance scenario, Article 8 of The Human Rights Act 1998 ( .1 ) provides Chris and Julie with aˆÂ ¦ a right to esteem for private and household life, his place and correspondence ; nevertheless, any intervention with this right must be necessary and lawful with respect to public safety, national security, bar of public upsets and offense, or for the protection of rights and freedoms of others . Both Julie and Chris have a protected feature of disablement and hence under the Equality Act ( 2010 ) should be protected from direct and indirect favoritism from service suppliers. However, kids s rights are overriding and override those of their parents or carers ( DoH, 1998 ) . Access to larning disablement services in England was governed by Fair Access to Care Services ( FACS ) ( DoH, 2003 ) , until it was superseded by Puting Peoples First ( 2007 ) and highlighted the demand for a individualized Adult Social Care System ( DoH, 2007 ) . Emerson et Al ( 2005 ) found one in 15 grownups with larning disablements populating in England were parents and this research emphasised that about half of kids born to parents with learning disablements are at hazard from maltreatment and 20 five per cent no longer lived with their parents ( McGaw,2000 ) . Further research indicates that the bulk of services are as yet unequal in run intoing the demands of households with larning disablements ( McGaw 2000 ) . McInnis et Al ( 2011 ) likewise found complexnesss in finding eligibility for service users. They indicated that determinations sing eligibility are non merely determined by assessment consequences but by local authorities resources. They advocate equality and argue that alterations in appraisal tools are necessary when working with households with larning troubles. Chris and Julie reflect these findings as they merely received intercession when they faced troubles caring for their kids. The parental accomplishments theoretical account would be advantageous for practicians as it is designed to help the appraisal procedure when working with Chris and Julie. The theoretical account focuses on life accomplishments, familial history and entree to back up services. McGaw and Sturmey ( 1994 ) found that if troubles arise for parents in any of the three countries it Service users possibly uncooperative and loath to prosecute with services, possibly due to anxiousnesss and fright of effects. For illustration ; their kids being removed from their attention and their ain childhood experiences. Cultural consciousness and age appropriate intercessions are necessary to enable partnership working ( Egan, 2007 cited in Martin, 2010 ) . Horwath ( 2011 ) found that although some societal workers faced barriers to the Child-focused Assessment Framework, due to heavy work loads, clip limitations, public presentation marks and limited preparation chances. Others found that extra bureauc ratism gave them a security in their pattern. Smale, et Al. ( 1993 ) highlighted the undermentioned theoretical accounts of appraisal ; oppugning, procedural, and exchange theoretical account. The latter may be good when working in partnership with this household as the service users are viewed as experts and AIDSs their possible for working together towards ends. When working with households communicating can be complex ; effectual communicating would include active listening accomplishments, individual centred planning and intercession, besides avoiding the usage of professional jargon ( Anning et al, 2006 ) . The worker should be cognizant of non-verbal communicating and power instabilities in their working relationship ( DoH, DfES, 2007 ) . It may be advisable for this household to entree protagonism services to advance equality, societal inclusion and societal justness ( actionforadvocacy.org.uk, 2012 ) . Harmonizing to Yuill and Gibson ( 2011 ) , advocacy promotes anti-oppressive pattern. Horwath ( 2010 ) suggests positive relationships are built on trust. This echoes the individual centred rules of Rogers ( 1961, cited in Thompson et Al, 2008 ) enabling the practician to detect realistic emotional, bodily and behavioral responses from the kid and household, that are indispensable for effectual information assemblage for appraisals ( DoH 2006 ) . Martin ( 2010 ) argues in order to guarantee an apprehension of the service user narrative within a multi-professional context the practician should reflect and summarize and do accurate recordings. Information should be stored in conformity to the Data Protection Act, 1989 ( legislation.gov.uk ) and besides be shared efficaciously between multi-agencies and safeguarding sections ( Crippling, 2003 ) . Numerous kids have died from maltreatment and disregard in the United Kingdom ( Brandon et al, 2005 ) . In 2000, Victoria Climbie was subjected to inhuman treatment by her aunt and her spouse which resulted in her loss of life. Laming ( 2003 ) describes Victoria s decease as a gross failure of the system and inexcusable and recommended reforms ( 1.18 p.3 ) . In England, the authorities published the Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families ( DoH et al 2000 ) and extra policy counsel came approximately in Every Child Matters: Change for Children ( 2003 ) that made all professionals accountable for safeguarding, kid development, concentrating on early intercession, joint sense of duty and information sharing with incorporate forepart line services and an accent on kids carry throughing their possible ( dcsf.gov.uk 2012 ) . The undermentioned twelvemonth the Children Act ( 2004 ) Section 11 ( DfES, 2005 ) gave clear counsel on multi-agency working and provinc es that safeguarding kids is everyone s concern. The Children Act 1989 ( DoH,1989 ) and the Children Act 2004 ( DoH,2004a ) presently underpin kid public assistance pattern in England. The former Act considers the construct of a child in demand ( subdivision 17 ) and accentuates the importance household support services who both promote the kid s public assistance and assist precaution and assist parents in their function. In add-on Working Together to Safeguard Children ( 2010 ) gives extended counsel on collaborative working and defines functions and duties of professionals ( HM. Government 2010 ) . This counsel is soon being revised and reduced to relieve bureaucratism for professionals, nevertheless Mansuri ( 2012, cited in McGregor 2012 ) argues that the existent safeguarding concerns are unwieldy caseloads, plumping moral and cuts to back up staff and criticises the authorities for neglecting to confer with more practicians sing these alterations. An illustration for effectual working together that may profit the household in the instance scenario is Team around the Family ( TAF ) intercession. This encourages effectual, early designation of extra demand, it assesses strengths and is renewing in attack that provides the household chances for alteration and enhances multi-agency coaction ( cheshirewestandchester,2012 ) . Family mentoring services may besides be utile in this instance ( catch-22.2012 ) . Children s Services in England and Wales adhere to The Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families ( DoH et al 2000 ) . The Assessment Framework provides an ecological attack of the kid s developmental demands, rearing capacity, household and environmental factors. This ecological attack was championed by Bronfenbrenner, ( 1979, cited Martin, 2010 ) found that by integrating the microsystem, exosystem and macrosystem benefited both practicians and service users by enabling wider societies influences of civilization and economic fortunes to be considered in appraisal ( Wilson et al, 2011 ) . This evidenced- based model purposes to guarantee that the kid s public assistance is both promoted and protected ( Cleaver et al, 2004 ) . This model provides a consistent method of collating and analyzing information, therefore giving practicians a more consistent apprehension of the kid s developmental demands, the capacity of their parents and the influence of the drawn-out household and other environmental factors that impact on the household ( DoH al, 2000 ) . However, Garrett ( 2003 ; Rose, 2002 in Crisp et Al, 2007 ) believe that the underpinning grounds for the Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families ( 2000 ) is debatable. Howarth ( 2002 in Crisp et Al, 2007 ) suggests that attach toing specific counsel for kids from black and cultural minorities are less widely circulated than the model papers. Katz ( 1997, cited in Crisp et Al, 2007 ) accuses the model as being mechanistic checklists used by inexperient staff as informations aggregation tools and fring focal point on placing and run intoing the demands of kids ( Horwath, 2002 cited in Crisp et al 2007 ) . Similarly, Munro ( 2011 ) challenged all professionals to guarantee that our kid protection system is centred on the kid or immature individual, as she believes the system has lost its focal point on the kid s demands and experiences and has been excessively focused on regulations, time-frames in appraisal and processs. At present an initial appraisal is carried out 10 yearss from referral and a nucleus appraisal must be completed within 35 yearss of an Initial Assessment, and would be undertaken to originate kid protection enquires ( DoH et al, 2000 ) . Practitioners use duplicate trailing and prosecute other possibilities for the household ( scie-socialcareonline.org.uk ) . This may be ethically and emotionally hard for practicians ; they should guarantee supervising and adhere to their professional criterions of proficiency and moralss ( HCPC, 2012 ) . Munro ( 2011 ) urges the authorities to value professional expertness and revise statutory counsel on service intercession and bringing and calls for more focal point on understanding the implicit in issues that influenced professional pattern that resulted in Serious Case Reviews. Munro ( 2011 ) besides calls for reforming societal work preparation and arrangement proviso for pupils. The authorities accepted Munro s recommendations and alterations to the system will be implemented in 2012 ( DfE 2011 ) . Damien ( see appendix 1 ) meets the threshold standard for intercession under section17 ( 10 ) of The Children Act ( 1989 ) as his wellness or development may be significantly impaired without support services. At present he does non look to be at hazard of important injury, nevertheless a nucleus appraisal may be good in finding the appropriate support services ( HM Government, 2010 ) , examples include Youth Offending Teams ( YOT ) who deliver offense bar programmes ( youth-offending-team, 2012 ) , Particular Educational Needs Coordinators ( SENCO ) and larning wise mans provide support in educational scenes ( Good schools guide,2012 ) . It is critical throughout the appraisal procedure that practicians are non-judgmental and utilize brooding pattern and have an consciousness of transference and counter-transference to scatter any negative responses and feelings ( DoH, 2000 ; Wilson et Al, 2008 ) . The practician should pull on theories of human development through the lifetime every bit good as sociological, biological, psychological and psychosocial theories. For illustration ; biological theory would see familial influences, physical development and instinctual behavior whereas the sociological position would underscore the importance of societal factors ( Horwath, 2010 ) . It may be that the household are populating in poorness and had have non been in reception of full benefit entitlements or support services ; it would be advisable to reach relevant public assistance bureaus and seek professional aid for fiscal support to help this household ( family-action, 2012 ) . The Children Act ( 1989 ) states that for the bulk of kids their household is the most appropriate topographic point for them to populate. However, the local authorization has a responsibility of attention and Madison ( see appendix 1 ) demands to be accommodated under subdivision 20 of the Children Act ( 1989 ) , as she is a kid in demand ( subdivision 17 ) or a kid at hazard of important injury ( subdivision 47 ) . Chris and Julie have parental duty for their kids until they are adopted ( D of H, 1989 ; 2000 ; HM Government, 2010 ) . When measuring households the practician should hold an apprehension of theories that inform pattern. In relation to Erikson s ( 1982 ) theory of psychosocial phases of development, it could be suggested that Madison is in the 5th phase of development known as ; Identity and Repudiation versus Identity diffusion. This phase normally will happen between ages 12-18. Throughout adolescence kids are going more independent and developing a sense of ego. Madison could see confusion in this phase as she has spent clip in affinity and residential attention. Erikson ( 1982 ) believes with encouragement, support, and through personal geographic expedition striplings can go forth this phase with a strong individuality and way in life. If Madison fails to go through through this phase successfully she will be insecure about herself and her hereafter ( Erikson, 1982 cited in Wilson et al 2008 ) . Hamachek ( 1988 ) suggests this theory is equivocal in placing behavior of an person s psychological growing throughout different phases of development. Chris and Julie have had one kid adopted and have been unable to rear eight of their nine kids. During assessment practicians should hold an apprehension of attachment classs and associating behaviors ; it could be that some of Chris and Julies kids developed anxious-ambivalent fond regards. Role reversal may hold taken topographic point, therefore ensuing in the kids going angry about the undependability of the carer and perchance the ground for them exposing anti-social behaviors Ainsworth ( et al. , 1978 cited in Becket and Taylor, 2010 ) . Early fond regard theory was criticized for denying adult females equality in the workplace by connoting that the hazard of female parents go forthing their kids would be damaging to their kids s development ( Beckett and Taylor, 2010 ) . With respect to Julie and Chris, the local authorization could set about a pre-birth appraisal and multi-professional instance conference under ( subdivision 47 ) of the Children Act ( 1989 ) to measure parent ing capacity, household and environment, and their ability to prolong rearing to run into the kid s development and altering demands ( Department of Health 1989 ; Department of Health, 2010 ) . Specialist appraisal tools for parents with learning disablements would help the twosome in their apprehension and partnership planning ( McGaw, 2000 ; cited in Wallbridge, 2012 ) . Both Chris and Julie have completed a rearing class and this is positive as they had non done so antecedently ( Casey 2012 ) . Wallbridge ( 2012 ) claims successful support bundles offer intensive, uninterrupted preparation for parenting, for illustration group work and life accomplishments in the place, both parents experiencing valued are frequently positive accelerators of alteration. A recent authorities study ( 2012 ) nevertheless, identified the kid protection system as being reactive instead than proactive with respect to immature people accessing services. It warned that professionals gave the parents legion alterations to better their parenting accomplishments and kids were left to populate with inattentive parents ( publications.parliament.uk, 2012 ) This essay has critiqued the study Listening to Troubled Families by Louise Casey ( 2012 ) and found restrictions in the methodological analysis. It considered the demands of a household identified and critiqued the function and accomplishments of a societal worker in safeguarding. It has argued the importance of effectual multi-professional coaction, cognition of modern-day statute law, pattern and theories with respect to implementing partnership working to back up kids, households and carers. It besides identified external accounts ; poorness, isolation and late intercession can impact on these households. Munro ( 2011 ) urges the authorities to value professional opinions and alteration statutory counsel in order to assist safeguard kids. Bibliography Action for Advocacy ( 2012 ) Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.actionforadvocacy.org.uk/ [ Accessed 25th October 2012 ] Anning, A. Cottrell, D. Frost, F. Green, J. Robinson, M ( 2006 ) Developing Multi-professional Teamwork for Integrated Children s Services. England. Open University Press. Bailey, N ( 2012 ) The Listening to Troubled Families study is an ethical failure. The Guardian, [ online ] 25th October 2012 Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2012/oct/25/listening-to-troubled-families-report [ Accessed 5th November, 2012 ] BBC News ( 2006 ) Eviction menace in respect program. BBC News [ online ] 10th January 2006 Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/4595788.stm [ Accessed 5th November, 2012 ] Beckett, C. , and Taylor. ( 2010 ) Human Growth and Development, Second Edition. London. SAGE Publications Ltd. Booth, T and Booth, W. ( 2004a ) Findings from a tribunal survey of attention proceedings affecting parents with rational disablements , Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 1 ( 3-4 ) , pp.203-209 Brandon, M. , Belderson, P. , Warren, C. , Howe, D. , Gardner, R. , Dodsworth, J. , and Black, J. , ( 2005 ) Analyzing child deceases and serious hurt through maltreatment and disregard: what can we larn? A two-year analysis of serious instance reviews 2003-2005. [ online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.education.gov.uk/publications/eOrderingDownload/DCSF-RR023.pdf [ Accessed on 11th November 2012 ] Cameron, D ( 2011 ) Tacking Troubled Families: new programs unveiled. Thursday 15th December 2011. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.number10.gov.uk/news/tackling-troubled-families-new-plans-unveiled/ [ Accessed 18th October 2012 ] Cameron, D ( 2011 ) We need a societal recovery in Britain every spot every bit much as we need an economic 1 [ online ] Thursday 15th December 2011 Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.number10.gov.uk/news/troubled-families-speech/ttp: //www.number10.gov.uk/news/troubled-families-speech/ [ Accessed 18th October 2012 ] Casey, L ( 2012 ) Listening to Troubled Families, Department for Communities. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.communities.gov.uk/documents/communities/pdf/2183663.pdf [ Accessed on 10th October 2012 ] Catch 22 ( 2012 ) Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.catch22.org.uk/Families? gclid=CImi3K_SxbMCFUbKtAodnQUA0Q [ Accessed 10th November 2012 ] Cleaver, H. and Nicholson, D. ( 2007 ) Parental Learning Disability and Children s Needs: Family Experiences and Effective Practice. London. Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Children foremost: the kid protection system in England Education Committee ( 2012 ) [ online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201213/cmselect/cmeduc/137/13706.htm # a38 [ Accessed 10th November 2012 ] Cheshire West and Chester Council ( 2012 ) Team around the Family ( TAF ) : [ online ] 12th August 2012 Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cheshirewestandchester.gov.uk/default.aspx? page=2025 [ Accessed on 1st November 2012 ] Cleaver, H. Nicholson, D. ( 2007 ) Parental Learning Disability and Children s Needs: Family Experiences and Effective Practice. London. Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Clifford, D and Burke, B ( 2009 ) Anti-Oppressive Ethical motives and Valuess in Social Work. London. Palgrave Macmillan. Crisp, B. , Anderson, M. , Orme, J and Lister, P. ( 2007 ) Assessment Models: A Critical Reflection, British Journal of Social Work, 37, pp.1059-1077 Daniel, B. Taylor, J. Scott, J ( 2009 ) Noticing and assisting the ignored kid. London: Department for kids, Schools and Families. Data Protection Act 1989 [ online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1998/29/contents [ Accessed 30th October 2012 ] Davis, M. ( 2002 ) The Blackwell Companion to Social Work. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Department of Health, Department for Education and Skills ( 2007 ) Good pattern counsel on working with parents with larning disablement [ online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/ @ dh/ @ en/documents/digitalasset/dh_075118.pdf [ Accessed 10th November 2012 ] Department of Health ( 2001 ) Valuing Peoples: a new scheme for larning disablement for the twenty-first century. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_4009153 [ Accessed on 25th October 2012 ] Department of Health ( 2002a ) Fair Access to Care Services: Guidance on Eligibility Criteria for Adult Social Care. London. Departmentof Health. Department of Health ( 1989 ) An Introduction to the Children Act 1989. HSMO. London. Department of Health ( 1989 ) The Children Act 1989 [ online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1989/41/contents [ Accessed on 11th October 2012 ] Department of Health, Home Office and Department for Education and Employment ( 2000 ) Model for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families, London. Stationery Office. Department of Health ( 2003 ) The Victoria Climbie Inquiry: Drumhead Report of an Inquiry. London: Department of Health. Department of Health ( 2010 ) Working Together to Safeguard Children: A Guide to Inter-agency Working to Safeguard and Promote the Welfare of Children. Available atA : from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.education.gov.uk/publications/standard/publicationdetail/page1/DCSF-00305-2010. [ Accessed 10th October 2012 ] Department of Health ( 2010 ) Valuing Peoples Now: The Delivery Plan 2010-2011. Making it go on for everyone Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //base-uk.org/sites/base-uk.org/files/ [ user-raw ] /11-06/valuing_people_now_delivery_plan_2010-11.pdf [ Accessed 20th October 2012 ] Emerson, E. Malam, S. Davies, I Spencer, K. ( 2005 ) Adults with Learning Difficulties in England. London: Office for National Statistics Every Child Matters 2004 Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dcsf.gov.uk/everychildmatters/ [ Accessed on 19th October 2012 ] Erikson, E ( 1982 ) The Lifecycle Completed, cited in Wilson, K. , Ruch, G. , Lymbery, M. , Cooper, A. Becker, S. , Brammer, A. , Clawson, R. , Littlechild, B. , Paylor, I. , Smith, R. ( 2008 ) Social Work: An debut to modern-day pattern. Essex. Pearson Education Limited. Equality Act 2010 [ online ] London Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/15/pdfs/ukpga_20100015_en.pdf [ Accessed on 25th October 2012 ] Family Action- Welfare Support Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.family-action.org.uk/home.aspx? id=11578 Family Placements: Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.barnardos.org.uk/fosteringandadoption/foster_adopt/fostering/fosteringandadoption_fostering_placements.htm [ Accessed on 17th October 2012 ] Family Action- Welfare Support Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.family-action.org.uk/home.aspx? id=11578 [ Accessed on 28th October 2012 ] Featherstone, B. ( 2006 ) Rethinking household support in the current policy context , British Journal of Social Work, 36 ( 1 ) , pp.5-19 Gardner, D.S. Tuchman, E. and Hawkins, R. ( 2010 ) Teaching Note ; A Cross-Curricular, Problem-Based Undertaking to Promote Understanding of Poverty in Urban Communities. Journal of Social Work Education Vol.46, ( 1 ) pp 147-156 Glaun, D and Brown, P. ( 1999 ) Motherhood, Intellectual Disability and Child Protection: Features of a Court Sample. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 24 ( 1 ) , pp. 95-105. Hamachek, D ( 1988 ) Measuring Self-concept and Ego Development Within Erikson s Psychosocial Framework, 66, pp. 354-360. Haralambos, M. , Holborn, M. , Heald, R. ( 2002 ) Sociology Themes and Perspectives, Fifth edition, London. Collins. Health and Care Professions Council ( 2012 ) Standards of proficiency Social workers in England Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hpc-uk.org/publications/standards/index.asp? id=569 [ Accessed on 17th November 2012 ] Hern, A. ( 2012 ) There are non 120,000 troubled households . The New Statesman, [ online ] 8th July 2012 Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.newstatesman.com/blogs/politics/2012/07/there-are-not-120000-troubled-families [ Accessed 17th October 2012 ] Holmes, J ( 1993 ) John Bowlby and Attachment Theory. Cited in Wilson, K. , Ruch, G. , Lymbery, M. , Cooper, A. Becker, S. , Brammer, A. , Clawson, Horwath, J ( 2011 ) See the Practioner, See the Child: The Framework for the Assessment of kids in Need and their Families Ten Old ages On: British Journal of Social Work, Vol 41:1070-1087 Horwath, J. ( 2010 ) The Child s World. The Comprehensive Guide to Assessing Children in Need: London. Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Kelly, M ( 2012 ) A expression at the troubled households figure: square nog, unit of ammunition hole? Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.family-action.org.uk/standard.aspx? id=17348 [ Accessed 23rd October 2012 ] Levitas, R ( 2012 ) Troubled households study contains more anecdote than grounds. The Guardian, [ online ] 19th July 2012 Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.guardian.co.uk/society/2012/jul/19/troubled-families-report-anecdote-evidence [ Accessed 21st October 2012 ] Levitas, R. ( 2012 ) Are 120,000 households responsible for a disproportional portion of society s ailments? Interviewed by Tim Harford, [ Radio plan ] BBC Radio 4, 20th May Martin, R ( 2010 ) Social Work Assessment. Exeter. Learning Matters Ltd. McGregor, K ( 2012 ) Child protection counsel Working Together cut to 21 pages. [ on-line ] June 2012 Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.communitycare.co.uk/articles/12/06/2012/118282/child-protection-guidance-working-together-cut-to-21-pages.htm [ Accessed 7th November 2012 ] McGaw, S ( 2000 ) What Works for Parents with Learning Disabilities? -Summary. P1 Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.barnardos.org.uk/wwparwld.pdf [ Accessed on 25th October 2012 ] McGaw, S. , Sturmey, P. ( 1994 ) Measuring parents with larning disablements: The parental accomplishments theoretical account. Child Abuse Review, Vol 13, ( 1 ) pg 36-51. McInnis, E. Hills, A. and Chapman, M ( 2011 ) Eligibility for statutory larning disablement services in the north-west of England. Journal of Learning Disabilities,5 ( 3 ) , pp.6-14 Munro, E ( 2011 ) A child-centred system: The Government s response to the Munro reappraisal of kid protection. Department for Education. Ofsted ( 2010 Learning lessons from serious instance reviews 2009-2010 ( 100087 ) , Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ofsted.gov.uk/resources/voice-of-child-learning-lessons-serious-case-reviews [ Accessed on 28th October 2012 ] Parr, S ( 2009 ) Family Intervention Projects: A Site of Social Work Practice, British Journal of Social Work, 39, pp.1256-127 Parton, N ( 1995 ) Neglect and Child Protection: The Political Context and the Practical Outcomes. Children and Society, 9:1, p67-89 Professional perceptual experiences of twin-tracking for looked after kids ( 2004 ) Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.scie-socialcareonline.org.uk/profile.asp? guid=f0b496cf-d427-4489-a1ee-f551cf6199f2 [ Accessed 15th November 2012 ] R. , Littlechild, B. , Paylor, I. , Smith, R. ( 2008 ) Social Work: An debut to modern-day pattern. Essex. Pearson Education Limited. Reed, H. ( 2012 ) In the oculus of the storm: Britain s disregarded kids and households. A research study for Action for Children, The Children s Society and NSPCC Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.childrenssociety.org.uk/sites/default/files/tcs/intheeyeofthestorm.pdf [ Accessed on 19th October 2012 ] Smale, G, Tuson, G, Behal, N and Marsh, P ( 1993 ) Authorization, appraisal, attention direction and the skilled worker. London: NISW Soloman, E ( 2012 ) Statement in response to Lousie Casey s study on troubled households. [ on-line ] 18th July 2012 Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.childrenssociety.org.uk/news-views/press-release/statement-response-louise-caseys-report- % E2 % 80 % 98troubled-families [ Accessed on 8th November 2012 ] Particular Educational Needs Coordinators ( SENCO ) ( 2012 ) Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.goodschoolsguide.co.uk/help-and-advice/special-needs-advice/sen-professional-help/29/the-special-educational-needs-coordinator-senco [ Accessed 7th November 2012 ] Spratt, T ( 2009 ) Identifying Families with Multiple Problems: Possible Responses from Child and Family Social Work to Current Policy Developments. British Journal of Social Work, 39 pp. 435-450 Thompson, J. , Kilbane, J. and Sanderson, H. ( 2008 ) Person Centred Practice for Professionals, England: Open University Press. The Human Rights Act 1998: Agenda 1 [ online ] London: ( HMSO ) Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1998/42/schedule/1 [ Accessed on 25th October 2012 ] Wallbridge, S. ( 2012 ) Guide to pre-birth appraisals. Community Care Inform [ online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ccinform.co.uk/articles/2012/03/15/6622/guide+to+pre-birth+assessments.html [ Accessed: 9 November 2012 ] Welshman, J. ( 1999 ) The societal history of societal work: The issue of the job household 1949-70 , British Journal of Social Work, 29 ( 3 ) , pp.457-76 Welshman, J. ( 2012 ) Troubled Families: the lessons of history, 1880-2012 Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.historyandpolicy.org/papers/policy-paper-136.html # S4 [ Accessed on 20th October 2012 ] Young person Piquing Teams ( YOT ) ( 2012 ) Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.gov.uk/youth-offending-team [ Accessed 7th November 2012 ] Yuill, C. and Gibson.A ( 2011 ) Sociology for Social Work An Intoduction. London. SAGE Publications Ltd. United nations childrens fund: The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child ( 1992 ) : [ online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.unicef.org/crc/files/Rights_overview.pdf [ Accessed on 1st November 2012 ] Word count: 3210