Markets Segmentation And Market Mix Of Easyjet Marketing Essay

Markets Segmentation And Market Mix Of Easyjet Marketing Essay Introduction Easyjet is a successful example of a European no-frills airline. Founded by the Cypriot Stelios Haji-Iaonnou in 1995, Eayjet gained a dominant market position over time thanks to its excellent marketing strategies. How Easyjet has segmented its market for its major product and what is the marketing mix? Which parts of the marketing mix are done efficiently and which parts need some improvements Markets segmentation and marketing mix of Easyjet Easyjets market segmentation Low-cost airlines like Easyjet, have picked up some customers from their traditional competitors like BA (British Airways) or Air France, but have specially created a large traffic of induction (creating a new market). Easyjet operates in a different way to Ryan Air its direct competitor in the market, which is targeting the leisure traveller for whom the ticket price is important. Easyjet has the same type of clientele for whom the ticket price was slightly less important and also business customers whose companies seek to save on transportation costs, but care about the travels conditions. So Easyjet has two different kind of customers who are leisure customers and the business customers. 1.2 Easyjets marketing mix Any business that does not have a concerted marketed strategy is setting itself up to fail. So what is the Easyjets marketing mix in term of product, place, price and promotion? Product Product is the most important component in an organization. Without a product there is no place, no price, no promotion, and no business. Product is anything that can be offered to a market to satisfy a want or a need. It is the core ingredient of the marketing mix and is everything favourable and unfavourable, tangible and intangible received in the exchange of an idea, service or good (Kotler 11th edition, 2003). Easyjet is a business offering service products, flights across destinations, in the transportation industry. Easyjet operates over 500 routes and has 182 aircrafts in 28 countries (www.easyjet.com). Easy-Jet positions itself as low-cost airlines or better as cutting costs airlines. Its product strategy stops to the actual product without concern about the augmented product. They dont offer service at all but just the ticket. For example Easy-Jets product strategy ends at the expected level of five-product levels. There is no augmented product. There is no business seat on flights (Easyjet offer a mono class of seat but does not offer last minute deals), no executive lounge at airports, no free food and drinks on flights, no entertainment on flights, and in most cases Easy-Jet flies from major airports. Place Easyjet targets customers looking to minimise their transportation costs, or any type of customer looking for a low price. In general Easyjets customer is a customer who started to prefer the plane to land transportation to browse for short distances between different cities served. So Easyjet is competing as well with the airlines as the land transports price Price is the value placed on what is exchanged during the marketing process. The customer exchanges his/her money or donation in return for a satisfaction or utility (S. Dibb and L. Simkin 2001). Easyjet has always had a one-way ticketing policy. The airline has only one price in the market for any one flight at any one time. The lowest fare is offered into the market first and then prices rise as the departure draws closer and the seats are sold. This ticketing philosophy is transparent to consumers. There is a value for money offering, which is easily understood by consumers. By offering only one price in the market, the consumer is confident that shopping around using other channels or making greater ticketing restrictions will not reap the reward of lower fares. As the airline educates their consumers that the cheapest fares are sold first, consumers checking prices are more likely to purchase straightaway as they will have confidence that lower prices are not likely to appear later. The airline only sells tickets on a one-way basis and therefore if a passenger wants a return ticket they must buy two one-way tickets. The advantage of this for passengers is that they can b ook short stay trips without having to pay flexible return ticket prices. For business travellers the availability of flexible tickets is usually considered important. If a business meeting runs over the traveller needs to be able to change their ticket and take a later flight. This depends on two things. Firstly the ability to change the ticket, and secondly the availability of a later flight to change on to. Easyjet has been targeting business travellers and therefore they have addressed these issues by increasing the number of daily flights to key business destinations and by introducing a method of changing tickets. For a fee of  £10 Easyjet passengers can change their ticket to a different flight as long as there is an available seat on the desired flight To reflect the current market price, the traveller will have to pay the difference between the price they originally paid for the ticket and the current price for a seat on the required flight. The airline can then release t he seat no longer required on the original flight and sell this seat again. promotion The distribution policy of Easyjet shows a high use of direct sales from call centre and internet outside traditional distribution channels. 95% of the seats are sold online (www.easyjet.com). They use electronic ticket, reducing cost of ticketing procedures and remove two Kinds of costs: -commission for travel agencies -transaction related to reservation systems What part of the marketing need to be improved? Easyjet is one of the most successful of the new economy carriers in Europe. So they have a strong marketing strategies and it is going to be a little bite difficult to change this strategy but it can always been improved. Product Easyjet could benefit from randomly offering last-minute deal under its single pricing strategy. By occasionally lowering ticket prices to bump up revenue on some unbooked-flights, Easyjet could create the expectation that such bargains would be available on a predictable basis. Easyjet could create another brand having different mission and different market target and offering an augmented product such a better quality at a low price as Delta Airlines did with Song. Promotion The use of the internet ticketing is dangerous in case of dysfunction of the server because of infection by viruses or any other kind of software problem. It is undeniable that this system reduces cost but it can cause problem if the general is touched by problem. Conclusion If the other marketing strategies enable the company to evaluate everything about the business, only the marketing mix

Gender and Sexuality

Gender and sexuality can be comprehended through social science. Social science is â€Å"the study of human society and of individual relationships in and to society† (free dictionary, 2009). The study of social science deals with different aspects of society such as politics, economics, and the social aspects of society. Gender identity is closely interlinked with social science as it is based on an identity of an individual in the society. Sexuality is â€Å"the condition of being characterized and distinguished by sex† (free dictionary, 2009).There are different gender identities such as male, female, gay, lesbian, transgender, and bisexual that exists all around the world. There is inequality in gender identities and dominance of a male regardless of which sexuality they fall under. The males are superior over the females and gays superior over the lesbians, however it different depending on the place and circumstances. This paper will look at the gender roles and s tereotypes, social policy, and homosexuality from a modern and a traditional society perspective.The three different areas will be compared by the two different societies to understand how much changes has occurred and whether or not anything has really changed. In general a traditional society is more conservative where as a modern society is fundamentally liberal. This is to say that a traditional society lists certain roles depending on the gender and there are stereotypes that are connected with the genders. One must obey the one that is dominant and make decisions. On the other hand, a modern society is lenient, It accepts the individual’s identity and sexuality.There is no inequality and everyone in the society is to be seen as individuals not a part of a family unit. Gender roles and stereotypes exist for all genders. These roles are set by the individuals of the society, â€Å"sex roles are expectations for behaviour and attitudes that a particular culture defines as appropriate for men and women† (Whicker and Kronenfeld, 1986; pp. 8). The traditional views of gender roles are indeed quite different from the modern views. The men in society are the bread-winners where as the women take care of the children and home.There are basic and common work roles, however in terms of behaviour and involvement there are gender role distinctions. The sex roles generally play out in modern society as well, some sex roles and stereotypes for girls are that they are â€Å"nonaggressive, nonathletic, emotionally expressive, tender, domestic, and nurturing. Boys on the other hand are â€Å"aggressive, value achievement, attain goals through conflict, and work towards monetary success† (Whicker and Kronenfeld, 1986; pp. 8).The males in the society are â€Å"emotionally anesthetised, aggressive, physically tough and daring, unwilling or unable to give nurturance to a child† (Lewis and Sussman, 1986; pp. 1). These traits are carried out by this particular gender mostly outside the society to demonstrate their strength. Those individuals who ignore to carry out these personality traits are seen as weak and unmanly. The women on the other hand are given the responsibility of looking after the family and are supposed to have the opposite personality traits.For instance a woman can show emotions but not outside of the family because of the shame that would bring to the family. This also an issue because a husband cannot help the women out otherwise the society will look down upon him, and as for society itself women cannot rely on outsiders. This brings about a question as to whom should she reveal her emotions and feelings to? These gender stereotypes such as a men being physically stronger or women being physically weak are embedded in the individual’s mind and thus they carry out these stereotypes themselves thereby continuing the stereotype.The gender role differences bring up a point about fake identity and practi ce. For the purpose of being accepted in society one hides his or her inner desires and emotions in order to fit in society. One does not need to be tough to show masculinity neither does one need to be weak to bring out her feelings. However, society changes when the men in the society gradually developed more female traits and get involved in the family matters. The role that impacts the family the most is the role of the men.The media plays a huge role in shaping the role of what a father is. Once the father used to be a bread-winner, now the roles can switch and the mother can go out to work and the father can stay with the children. The media demonstrates the idea of the father who spends his time at home with the children, baby sitting, cooking, and cleaning. This new image encourages and motives the men in this society to get involved and help their family. Also, the family is no longer always ruled by a patriarchal system.Patriarchy is â€Å"a system promotion the higher st atus and privilege of men against women† (Lewis and Sussman, 1986; pp. 17). The roles are either balanced or a matriarchy system is also involved where the women are the superior ones in the family. The society’s acceptance of these roles changes and also it gives opportunity to the opposite sex to prove their skills and identity in the society and within their family, however, the society’s expectations do not end here. The men are portrayed as strong body-builders and females are portrayed as slim beauties.These images are carried by the media where in the film â€Å"Tough guise† by Jackson Katz, the movie demonstrates the transition of masculinity from past generation to current generation. The men are more build up in terms of body structure compared to the past. Although the father might be involved in the family, the sex roles of the genders do not vanish, they make gradual transitions from generation to generation. The traditional society simply bel ieves that women stay at home and focus on their private life rather than the outside world. The major role is played by the adult males who maintain the finances.Women’s work is not as valued as the men’s, however it is essential to understand that men would have had to do double job if the women were not looking after his children and home. Although both, the inside and the outside work required a lot of effort, the dominance of the male gender rules over the female gender in terms of the value of work. Besides the cultural values, religion also played a role in shaping these ideologies. â€Å"Religious institutions have long been conservative in their ideals and patriarchs. Recent exceptions do exist, such as the increasing enrolment of women in Protestant seminaries.The Church however, like the corporate America, maintains the image of a traditional family and career structure, where the husband is the major bread-winner and thus the head if the household and his wife is in a supportive, expressive position† (Lewis and Sussman, 1986; pp 199). These religious institutions drew the images of gender roles inside and outside of the house, where one gender worked inside and the other worked outside and even if the women decided to work outside were treated unequally. At the end of the day they had to look after their children.This brings about a question of whether the children only belonged to the mothers or both parents. What role do the fathers play in the lives of their children? There is no social support for the women in this society to rely on, thus they struggle to maintain their rough lifestyle. The family only becomes dependent on the men, which is problematic. In case of a single parent, where the children are dependent on a mother it becomes a financial problem. The lack of government involvement is a disadvantage for the women in this society because those who are divorced or lost their husbands are strongly hit by poverty.Soci al policy such as education, career, and welfare state did not exist in the life a woman in a traditional society. However, as the world gradually developed in terms of technology, the women caught up to the men. The ideology of individuals in the modern society changed where the women were once seen an item in the household, they now gained a sense of freedom. To being with the basic understanding of a woman going in to work is that â€Å"most women work because of economic need. The majority of employed females are single, widowed, divorced or separated, or working to supplement the low income of their spouse† (Kendrigan, 1991; pp 91).This is not to say that women spend time at working leaving their children, spouse, or home alone. Their life in modern society is challenging because there is more responsibility on their shoulders. Not only do women have their work life but also their family life as well. As a plus, the government provides day care for working women in order to make their lives easier. Looking at the correlation of women and the workforce has a great impact on the economic factors of the country and state. The women contribute to the social welfare state because the more people working in the country the more stable and stronger the economy gets.For instance, in Canada women who contribute to the country economy through paying taxes add on to the government public funds, which are used for education, welfare, and the publish health care system. There are many advantages for the women as well as the state. Although there remains to be an inequality in the salary of woman when compared to a man it is importance to focus on the progress as well. The transformation occurred because women stepped out of their homes and stepped in to the working world. They still have to work hard to gain their respect and work for equality among men.Genders and sexuality cannot leave homosexuality behind, however this is not so true for the traditional soci ety. Just because homosexuals, bisexuals, and transgender were not seen very often does not mean they were invisible. The reactions of individuals in the society to these particular sexes lead the homosexuals, transgender, and bisexual being seen as inferior. This brings about the ideology of superior over inferior. There is a sense of shame attached to these sexes, where they cannot freely express their identity. To reveal their identity means going through the consequences set by the ndividuals in the society and in some countries even the government. Even though much emphasis is given to sex roles in homosexuality as well there lies a difference among lesbians and gays. Looking back at the roles of the boys and adult males in a traditional society they had to stay strong and stay focused on work. This becomes an issue for the gay individuals. Unlike lesbians, gays cannot freely walk with their partners without being noticed. â€Å"women can hold hands in the street, and even go arm in arm; because families let girls sleep with their girlfriends, but for boys, it’s forbidden† (Likosky, 1992; pp. 3). It is indeed difficult for the homosexuals to express their homosexuality because of the norms set by society. Women can get away with it because of the friendly and nurturing stereotype that the society has placed upon them. â€Å"Homosexuality, though, exists in different societies and cultures, with some minor exceptions are considered abnormal and disdained. It affects social order, invades personal privacy and rights, and leads to criminal behaviour. â€Å"As a result, homosexuals are more likely to encounter and be penalized administratively and criminally† (Likosky, 1992, pp. 38).More stereotypes are attached to these individuals because they are not considered normal. Normal in this sense means that heterosexuals are the dominating ones in the society. The idea that these individuals are embedded in society not only causes prejudice towards homosexual people but also discrimination against them, leading to violent actions are taken towards them. Once again religion and government plays a major role in shaping these views towards these particular groups of people. To look at homosexuality from a modern point of view, it is not the same as the traditional.However this is not to say that there is great equality between the heterosexuals and homosexuals, because this is simply untrue. The modern society takes the idea equality and freedom from the liberal ideology. However it is not practiced to the full extent. The flaw in the liberal state is made in the legal forms when gender is asked for. The option to this question is already stated on the paper, thus the two options given to the homosexuals are â€Å"male† or â€Å"female†. The problem lies in these two options for these individuals, because now they cannot reveal their identity, neither can they state who they are.However if they are to pick f rom the two options how are they to answer this question? Is it more based on how they feel the most? Even though the individuals in the modern society consider themselves to be liberal, they are not fully liberal. On the positive side of the modern society, there are social services. â€Å"There has been a long history of people in social work who challenge the heterosexist norms of society. Gay men, lesbians, bisexuals, transgendered and transsexual persons have enriched society as a whole† (Hick, 2010; pp. 02). Social work plays a major role in reshaping these sexes and their roles. The social workers empower the LGBTTQ (Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered, transsexual, and queer) to get involved in work force. This gives the individuals chances to prove themselves and also it benefits the society and economy. The more people that get involved in the workforce the stronger the economy turns out to be. The involvement of these individuals brings changes to the society and they feel accepted outside of their own group.If they were to hide their sexuality inside as done in the traditional society there would be psychological and emotional problems among these people, and the outcome would be higher rate of suicide. The acceptance and opportunity given to them by this society not only gives advantage to these people but also to the society and the economy of the state. In the traditional society the father’s only focus is on earning an income for the family which has a direct impact on the family members due to the lack of time spent bonding with his children and wife.The responsibility of the children falls on both parents’ shoulders not just on the mothers. However this is also an issue in modern society, if mothers rely too much on day-cares and do not spend enough time with their children then the same thing that happens to the father happens to the mother. The traditional view of sex roles differ where women are nurturing, home orien ted and calm. On the other hand, men are seen as the opposite. Nevertheless, the modern view does not distinct these differences because of the greater involvement of the father in the family.The differences do not lie among the genders but the perspective of the individuals in society, both genders can contribute to each other’s works regardless of what sex they fall under. The society, religious institute, and media play a greater role in shaping these sex roles. The gradual changes are closely related to the media because the actors carry out the roles and thus the members of the society play out those roles in their daily life style. â€Å"Homosexuality exists in different societies and cultures and with some minor exceptions it is considered abnormal and disdained.It affects social order, invades personal privacy and rights, and leads to criminal behaviour. As a result, homosexuals are more likely to encounter and be penalized administratively and criminally† (Lik osky, 1992, pp. 38) Also, the two societies view homosexuality different. Nevertheless modern society has not completely accepted the idea of homosexuality because in areas such as legal forms, the people with nonconventional sexual orientation are not shown. This demonstrates the inferiority of homosexuality and for which the government is responsible for such actions.

The Influence of Ferlinghetti

Lawrence Ferlinghetti's father died before he was born, and his mother was placed in an insane asylum. He was left to be cared for by relatives, and eventually foster parents. Lawrence was ten years old when the stock market crashed October of 1929, which led to the Great Depression. He was twenty when World War II began in September of 1939. Serving as a Lieutenant Commander of the Navy during the war eventually exposed him to the traumatic effects of the atomic bomb that was dropped on Nagasaki. He explained how anyone who was able to witness the aftermath â€Å"would suddenly realize that they'd been kept in the dark by the United States government as to what atomic bombs can do. † (nndb. com) This event changed Ferlinghetti. He became one of the key people of the Beat movement. The Beat poets â€Å"rebelled against what they saw as their country’s social conformity, political repression, and prevailing materialism† (868, Ann Charters). His City Lights bookshop â€Å"was an early gathering place of the Beats, and the publishing arm of City Lights was the first to print the Beats' books of poetry† (biography. om). Although he was not always recognized as a core member of the young group of poets, his poems often contained remarks that had the potential to transform other peoples’ views. Through three of his poems, he influenced change by protesting the repression in society, the violence in war, and the injustices of the United States Gover nment. Ferlinghetti finds popular culture unsettling, and expresses his view of society in his poem, â€Å"The World is a Beautiful Place†. He hopes that people will recognize what they have become, and long for individuality and change. Our Name Brand society / is prey to / [its] men of distinction† refers to how our society is constantly trying to keep up with the latest trends and what is popular at the moment. And the men of distinction are the ring-leaders in a sense; they are the advertisers, the market researchers, and often the trend setters. They quickly learn what to market, how to market, and who to market to. Most people are afraid to step out of the box in fear that they would not be accepted by the majority, and be left on the outskirts of mainstream society. Thus, the â€Å"Name Brand† society can be viewed as being a slave to the â€Å"Men of distinction†, and unable to break away. He goes on to show his disapproval of pop culture in another poem titled â€Å"I Am Waiting†. He writes, â€Å"I am waiting / to see God on television / piped onto church altars / if only they can find / the right channel / to tune in on. † Society today is heavily influenced by mass media and advertisements. Ferlinghetti realizes that America no longer contains the core Christian values that the country was built upon, because all their energy has been absorbed by advertisers, trends, and constant consumerism. The mention of how people would not even be able to find the right channel if God were on television means that he believes society is too deeply absorbed into popular culture that it would be almost impossible to break away at this point. He challenges society to change their ways. The capitalization of the word â€Å"God† is used in syntax. â€Å"Lowercasing God† in certain cases can be seen as â€Å"An attempt to obscure the reference to God† (ncsu. edu). Ferlinghetti chooses to capitalize God because of the context in which he uses the word. He tries to allude to the Christian faith, because of the fact that this country was established as one nation under God. If he had not capitalized the word, the meaning may have been lost. Additionally, war is something that Ferlinghetti speaks out against often in his poems, especially after witnessing its devastating power first-hand. In â€Å"I am waiting†, Ferlinghetti is â€Å"Waiting / for the Age of Anxiety / to drop dead†. The words â€Å"Age† and â€Å"Anxiety† are capitalized because he makes a reference to another poem. The Age of Anxiety is an eclogue by Wystan Hugh Auden that captures the imagination of the cultural moment during World War II, and is about a man’s quest to find his identity in the middle of it all (press. princeton. edu). Ferlinghetti refers to that man’s concern of not being able to find his identity. He realizes that in a war-torn world, full of violence and injustice, it is difficult to find self-identity because people are expected to focus on their country, rather than themselves; Ferlinghetti feels there is no use in trying to find something that he strongly believes no longer exists. Thus he is waiting for it to drop dead. â€Å"The world is a beautiful place/ to be born into/ if you don’t mind some people dying/ all the time† is a stanza from â€Å"The World is a Beautiful Place†. Being a Commander during World War II, he witnessed the destruction the war caused. He saw people get killed, and injured constantly. Ferlinghetti gained the courage to speak out against war, which influenced change; he set an example to others by being the change. In the preceding excerpt from â€Å"The World is a Beautiful Place†, Ferlinghetti not only juxtaposes beauty with death, but also birth with death. This creates a more powerful contrast to the word death, which is a direct result of the war he refers to in the stanza. Irony is a central theme in the poem. The title â€Å"The World is a Beautiful Place† is ironic because the majority of the poem portrays the world as a place full of negative experiences and tragedies. Also, Ferlinghetti separates the words â€Å"All the time† on its own line, allowing readers to easily understand that the poet is trying to stress that people are constantly surrounded by death when in war, which is another reason he calls for an end to it. In â€Å"A Tentative Description of a Dinner to Promote the Impeachment of President Eisenhower†, Ferlinghetti shows his disapproval for not only President Eisenhower, but for all US Presidents that came after Franklin D. Roosevelt. Harry S. Truman, who took Roosevelt’s place after his death in 1945, was known for corruption. He ignored scientists’ warnings of how the radiation from the atomic bombs in Japan would cause severe health and environmental issues for generations. Also, republicans claimed that he â€Å"condoned and covertly supported corruption among members of the White House staff and within government departments† throughout his presidency (presidentprofiles. com). President Eisenhower was in office when the United States became more seriously involved with the Vietnam War, which is often remembered as one of the most controversial wars in US history. At the end of the poem, Ferlinghetti writes â€Å"After every soul was seated / and waited for the symbolic mushroom cloud soup to be served / and keynote speeches to begin / the president himself came in / and said / we resign†. The mushroom cloud is a direct reference to the mushroom cloud that resulted from the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, which Ferlinghetti saw the aftermath of. By placing the fictional storyline in this order, he proposes an alternative sequence of events; Instead of announcing that the bombs were going to be dropped, President Truman should have stepped back from the plan and figured out a better solution, especially since official surveys soon after World War II ended proved â€Å"the atomic bombs were unnecessary† (nytimes. com). Ferlinghetti wanted more Americans to notice what is regularly overlooked by most. By calling out these Presidents in his poem, he caused change by making people take more note of the Government’s wrongdoing. In the same poem, Ferlinghetti writes about how â€Å"No invitations had to be sent out / for the great testimonial dinner / except to politicians / whose respected names wouldn’t lend weight / to the projects / but who did not come anyway. † He refers to how politicians in general often avoid answering questions, or fail to give clear responses to questions that the public may have. Even when given the opportunity to justify their actions or claims, politicians have a tendency to avoid doing so, in fear of causing any sort of conflict. The poem â€Å"A Tentative Description of a Dinner to Promote the Impeachment of President Eisenhower† has literary elements that play an important part in the meaning of the text. The title is tentative because the story is not true, but the message can be easily interpreted offensive or vulgar. The poem was written in 1958, while President Eisenhower was still in office. He may have been hesitant to put out a poem that mentioned impeaching the current President. The syntax that Ferlinghetti chose to use for certain parts of the poem allows the reader to imagine the setting more clearly. The imagery of the poem makes the reader feel as though he or she is in the room, sitting at the table, and waiting for their meal, which makes the story that much more believable. Ferlinghetti also uses repetition of the phrase â€Å"except peace†. He uses those words to promote peace, and to show how peace could have been a more sensible choice as opposed to turning to the bombs to end the war. Its repetition shows that Ferlinghetti sees peace as the answer to most issues. The word â€Å"except† could also be interpreted as â€Å"accept†. Because he is a pacifist, he encourages people to accept the idea of peace, rather than to turn the the fastest solution, as President Truman did when he ordered the bombs to be dropped. Evidently, Lawrence Ferlinghetti was born into an era where change was needed. The aftermath of World War II had greatly influenced him as a writer, and encouraged him speak out against what he saw in mainstream society, war, and the Government through his writing. He clearly had a lasting social impact. His poem â€Å"A Tentative Description of a Dinner to Promote the Impeachment of President Eisenhower† was so influential, it â€Å"Inspired Lorenzo Milan [An American writer and activist] to begin building community radio stations† (youtube. com), which allows people to speak their minds as Ferlinghetti so often did. Ferlinghetti is now 92, and amazingly â€Å"still writes and works in his City Lights bookstore, which is still at the same location, and still publishes affordable paperbacks by struggling authors† (nndb. com).

Apple Inc. – Rational System - 1583 Words

Apple Inc. – Rational System Apple Inc. was formerly known as Apple Computer Inc for about 3 decades, but removed the word Computer in 2007, to show the company s ongoing progression into the consumer electronics market, in addition to its traditional focus on personal computers. Apple Inc is a corporation that designs and markets consumer electronics such as the iPod, iPhone, iPad, computer software such as the Mac OS X operating system, and personal computers such as the Mac Book and Mac Book Pro. Apple Computer was founded on April 1, 1976 in Cupertino, California, and incorporated on January 3, 1977 by Steven Jobs and Stephen Wozniak, college dropouts who conceptualized a personal computer that could be operated easily by anyone.†¦show more content†¦This inevitably created a system of hierarchy. (Freedman and Vohr, [1992]: 3) This new hierarchical structure helped the company from making unnecessary layoffs. Also control policies became stricter and the managemen t staffs strengthen. The kind of structure and culture the company has developed has led Apple Inc to become one the most valued and successful business in America. The structure of the company follows a hierarchical order that helps upper management control the lower management and staff. With a structure centered on its employees and company performance, the level of involvement for both upper management and broad member plays a significant role within the company and requires time and attention to help properly discharge their responsibilities. (Media Corporate) Innovation is key for the progression of Apple Inc. The kinds of products produced by the company and its staff shows how culture impacts the company. For example the development and manufacturing of the IPod or the Iphone, which changed the music and social media industry forever is the outcome of a creative atmosphere that is reflected in the culture of the company. The quality of the product is highly valued to the sta ff and company because it leds to consumer loyalty which also helps to define the culture of Apple. The value of innovation, quality of the product and consumer loyalty has helped developed the type of culture within theShow MoreRelatedDigital vs Print21238 Words   |  85 Pagesit first hit the market a few decades ago. E-business modeling is a common challenge discussed in many print media forums, where industries are trying to complement their conventional models with their digital counterparts. Amazon, Wall Street and Apple are some examples that have modified their business models to adapt to the growing and changing consumer demands. Porter states â€Å"The internet is arguably the most powerful tool available today for enhancing operational effectiveness. By easing andRead MoreVarian Solution153645 Words   |  615 Pagesspend. She consumes only apples and bananas. Apples cost 2 dollars each and bananas cost 1 dollar each. 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Internship Report on Mcb - 20087 Words

PREFACE It is the requirement of the B.COM course Lahore College for Women University, Lahore that all students of B.COM have to spend six or eight weeks in any organization to get practical exposure and to get familiarized with the ways to live in the organizational environment which is dramatically different from the educational environment. That two months period called â€Å"Internship Period†, if spent properly and sincerely, enables the students to be more confident, more knowledgeable, more responsible and, above all, more committed to its work in the practical field. I have also been assigned to do internship of six weeks period in MCB Allama Iqbal Town Branch Lahore. It has enabled me to understand the practical scenario and†¦show more content†¦Banking in fact is primitive as human society, for ever since man came to realize the importance of money as a medium of exchange, the necessity of a controlling or regulating agency or institution was naturally felt. 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Behind Closed Doors Essay - 1628 Words

Behind Closed Doors Over the years, many people have believed that the issue of sexual harassment should not be discussed in public. Sexual harassment was to be discussed behind closed doors. In spite of this, the social and political systems have changed instantaneously. This social problem has affected men and women throughout time; however, it seems that the women of our society more closely look at this issue. This social topic has encouraged women to establish organizations in order to help them discuss the issues more openly and to demand equality including fairness and justice throughout the workplace and in their social lives as well. In recent years, sexual harassment has been one of the most serious and widespread problems†¦show more content†¦Secondly, the individual is used as a basis for employment decisions affecting such individual. 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Career Counseling Theories

Questions: 1) Identify Career Counselling Theories and how these Theories might be useful in Explaining Johns Situation. 2) As the Attending Career Counsellor, Describe your Ethical and Professional Responsibilities to John throughout the Sessions. 3) Identify the Purpose of Objective Assessments and how that has Contributed to your Assessment of the Situation. Answers: Introduction In the given situation John is facing major difficulties as he is not satisfied with the job he is doing moreover his son is undergoing physiatrist treatment which is causing a seemed of mental dissatisfaction. There is a lack of proper balance in the life Of John due to which he is facing various challenges. There is an adverse situation in his life where he is finding difficulty in balancing his work and life. It seems like that John is not satisfied with his job. Job satisfaction is important for having a balance in life. Imbalance in the personal and professional life can lead to various issues like mental illness, lack of social interaction etc. he has decided to undertake career counseling in order to develop effective results (Zikic and Saks,2009). The counseling session provides an individual with an opportunity to ascertain the self assessment. There are various theories that are introduced by authors at different time in order to provide an insight to create capabilities. T he report is based on assessing Johns current situation through an objectivity test. The test helps in describing the situation of John and the problems he is undergoing according to the current circumstances. It describes the technique in which the current situation can be addressed in order to find out the individual objectives. Every individual exhibit different behavioral traits that varies depending upon the situation. It has become important to understand the position of an individual to create effective relationship with the given test (Spencer Harris-Bowlsbey, 2013). 1.Career Counseling Theories The theory of work adjustment is also known as person-environmental correspondence theory which observes career choice as a continuous process of accommodating and adjusting oneself. In this situation a person looks to work in an organization and environment according to their needs. In turn an organization looks for an individual who has the capability to meet the requirements. This is related with the degree of satisfaction one attains through other (Leong,2014). As per the Hollands theory of vocational Personalities in the work environment it defines that vocational interest is a part of ones expression and personality. This theory is conceptualized in six typologies which are Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, social, enterprising and Conventional. As per the theory people look for the environment that helps them to access their skills and abilities. The Holland theory is more focused upon utilizing the individual skills by focusing on skills and capabilities. One should undertake only those activities that help them to grow in a diversified environment. People who utilize their skills grow efficiently when compared to other people (Gunz Peiperl, 2007). According to Super, the concept related to the career choice depends upon the individual option. It is the product of complex interaction in between various factors. There is natural process acting behind the individual that leads to personal growth and development. Human is generally inclined towards those career option which help in multi-faceted growth. They only choose that career which helps them to achieve sustainable result. Growth is very important as per the theory. It is therefore necessary for an individual to develop theories that are important for attaining sustainable results (Kosine, Steger Duncan, 2008). Application of two theories - (Theory of John L. Holland) and (Donald E. Super) Theory of John L. Holland According to Holland the personality of an individual develops due to career environment they fit in. the choice related to the individual depend upon the personality. In the given situation John is working as a teacher and he is not satisfied. It is therefore derived that his personality is affected due to the career option. The teaching profession by the time has become monotonous for him and he is facing imbalance in life. It is therefore necessary to balance the current event happening in his life with the ongoing situation(Patton McMahon,2014). The theory has divided the career choice into 6 categories. Teaching profession is a part of the social work. They are people who are more involved in undertaking those pursuits that help in building effective relationship with the society. Their motto is to help people by providing them with an opportunity to grow. John is a part of the teaching profession as per the theory. He is under the category of Helper as per the theory and focus ing on building an effective environment by providing help to other. Donald E. Super This is perhaps the most important theory that is used by the career developer. This career development theory is largely used by the people throughout the life span to generate effective relationship. This theory is using career maturity as one of the variable part((Patton McMahon, 2014). . Career maturity is related to the advancement in studies which depend upon the amount of time spend by the individual on the particular career option. Age, gender, certainty, work etc help in defining the career maturity knowledge. The knowledge related to the career maturity completely depends upon the amount of knowledge with the individual. This theory is consistent with the developmental assumptions of the career maturity (Hartung Subich, 2011). In the given situation it is necessary for an individual to be provided with the career guidance at every level. This will help them to attain differential career pattern. It is necessary part in the post and pre vocational of the career life. Training and development help in developing individual in order to attain distinguished results((Sharf, 2016). Application of assessment tools DISC Tool This tool helps in understanding the overall procedure to analyze the behavior of an individual. This tool is being effectively used in order to generate effective result related to career counseling theory generated through analysis of Johns behavior. As per the test it was determined that John is undergoing significant behavioral changes. As per the DSIC test it can be seen that the patient is exhibiting reserved behavior at workplace. His behavior is measured on the following parameters that include: Compliance John exhibit serious behavioral changes that are accurate, cautious and contemplative in nature. His approach of work is reserved and does not involve much of aggressiveness. Steadiness He is sincere, patient and modest towards his work. on the basis of his behavioral determination it can be seen that his approach towards work is based on modest behavior and understanding. He has been working from a very long time. The test provides that he shows a reserved behavior in his work attitude. Taylor Johnson temperament test This personality test measures 18 dimension of an individual while analyzing his behavior . this test has been used for more than 40 years by many counseling professionals in order to meet issues in dealing with psychological issues. The test focus on determining the individual behavior that requires to be addressed on the following parameters Nervous Composed Depressive Light-Hearted Active-Social Quiet Expressive-Responsive Inhibited Sympathetic Indifferent Subjective Objective Dominant Submissive Hostile Tolerant Self-Disciplined Impulsive During the test there were question being asked to John in order to understand his behavior. The behavior helps in analyzing his nature. It provides that John exhibit Nervous Composed behavior. It is seen under the study that John is undergoing significant. Behavior changes.. his personal life is already disturbed that is causing a change in behavioral pattern. 2.Ethical and professional responsibilities of a career counselor The counselor has to follow the quality and standards while managing relationship with their clients. He should thereby use only those approaches which are based on the universal applicable theory. They need to acknowledge the expertise of other profession and must work respectfully within the given parameter. They work on forming ethical relationship among the colleagues(Cheung, 2009). The counselor needs to be focused with their approach by giving quality services to the clients. There is a necessity to implement inter-disciplinary teams in order to focus on the multiple services that are provided by them on a long run. They have certain amount of obligation towards their clients. When any ethical issue arises the councilor tries to resolve the dispute within the team (Zikic Hall,2009). In case if the councilor is unable to meet the dispute he has to look for the different options that are available to him. He has an obligation to keep all the details related to the client with him. Moreover they need to develop effective relationship with the clients that will help in meeting the requirements. The counselor needs to alert the team members regarding the negative implication of the task. In any case they have a responsibility towards the clients and the organization while dealing (Swanson Fouad, 2014; Sullivan Baruch, 2009). As per the given situation John is undergoing problem in meeting his career related aspirations. He is not feeling motivated while working. Moreover he has multiple concerns regarding his sons mental health. He is currently feeling de-motivated as he is unable to balance his life with the work. There is a necessity to provide him with counseling sessions so that he is able to resolve the personal and professional conflicts. It is the role of the counselor to balance the requirements with the ongoing needs of John. Test Instrument Objectivity Test The objectivity test is related to the objective of the situation. In the given situation it is essential to provide with the proper counseling sessions in order to motivate him to achieve objectives. The objectivity test is a psychological test that helps in measuring the individual characteristic by the examiner. This test is undertaken to understand the situation of the person. These tests are often contrasted with the projective test. The objectivity test includes numerous questions undertaken in order to achieve sustainable objectives (Kidd,2006). Firstly there is a necessity related to decision making in order to understand the current situation of John. A question bank needs to be developed to undertake the test. One needs to estimates the validity of the question through the statistical procedure A format of valid questions needs to be framed including all the sub point and questions that reflects the situation of the client after understanding his condition. A format of application including all the valid aspects needs to be implemented carefully. This help in understanding the current situation of John. The questionnaire is applied at the last in order to understand the situation of the client. The filled form can be used to make relevant conclusion as per the necessity. This is necessary to make conclusive result by comparing the standard and current situation. This will not only help in understanding the appropriate situation but create genuine relationship. It is recommended that the counselor need to develop an essential environment to conduct the testing procedure. Situational question need to be precisely discussed with him. Moreover the information given by him should be kept confidential under the professional code of ethics at workplace. One should try to use the standardized procedure of testing as this will affect the future aspects related to the client. Follow up session are important for the client in order to keep a check over the status. This is necessary that the client should undertake every set of information related to his desire to the counselor as this will help in motivating him to undertake futuristic avenues (Bosley, Arnold Cohen,2009). 3.John personality and stages of establishment John is undergoing change in his life which has caused a significant change in his behavior. It is essential to have a right career at the right time in order to balance career option. On a long run it is recommended that John need to take career development process in order to achieve sustainable results. Hollands theory describes John character as SOCIAL as his profession includes helping people in society by providing them education. Career related counseling session need to be undertaken with utmost care. Conclusion John is therefore satisfied with the career counseling sessions . he feels motivated due to pre and post efforts made by the counselors. The report measures the various career related theories that re importation for an individual to guarantee growth in life. It consists of 5 career theory given by various authors at different points of time. John is a teacher and is facing related to the career option at a later stage. He is unable to balance the current situation due to imbalance in life. It is therefore necessary to incorporate effective test in order to create relationship. In case if the councilor is unable to meet the dispute he has to look for the different options that are available to him. The report provides the personality test of the individual while managing the gap in between the goals. It is necessary to develop an effective test to understand the situation in order to create objectives with the team. The section describes the condition of John and the difficulty he is facing in the current situation and providing with an insight to deal with the situation. References Bosley, S. L., Arnold, J., Cohen, L. (2009). How other people shape our careers: A typology drawn from career narratives.Human Relations,62(10), 1487-1520. Cheung, R. (2009). Internationalization of career counselling: Reflections on professional dynamism and advancement.Asian Journal of Counselling,16(2), 227-248. Gunz, H. P., Peiperl, M. (2007).Handbook of career studies. SAGE publications. Hartung, P. J., Subich, L. M. (2011).Developing self in work and career: Concepts, cases, and contexts. American Psychological Association. Kidd, J. M. (2006).Understanding career counselling: Theory, research and practice. Sage. Kosine, N., Steger, M., Duncan, S. (2008). Purpose-centered career development: A strengths-based approach to finding meaning and purpose in careers.Professional School Counseling,12(2), 133-136. Leong, F. (2014).Career development and vocational behavior of racial and ethnic minorities. Routledge. Leung, S. A. (2008). The big five career theories. InInternational handbook of career guidance(pp. 115-132). Springer Netherlands. Patton, W., McMahon, M. (2014).Career development and systems theory: Connecting theory and practice(Vol. 2). Springer. Sharf, R. S. (2016).Applying career development theory to counseling. Cengage Learning. Spencer G.. Niles, Harris-Bowlsbey, J. (2013).Career development interventions in the 21st century. Pearson. Sullivan, S. E., Baruch, Y. (2009). Advances in career theory and research: A critical review and agenda for future exploration.Journal of management,35(6), 1542-1571.. Swanson, J. L., Fouad, N. A. (2014).Career theory and practice: Learning through case studies. Sage publications. Zikic, J., Hall, D. T. (2009). Toward a more complex view of career exploration.The Career Development Quarterly,58(2), 181-191. Zikic, J. and Saks, A.M. (2009). Job search and social cognitive theory: The role of career-relevant activities.Journal of Vocational Behavior,74(1)